MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT

General Spaatz, Strategic seam Forces Commanding General, has indicated that the Army Air Forces possess the capability to behave an atomic flop on main island Nipponese targets. (Truman 420).

The guide has been made that American strategic bombing will extend to an unconditional surrender by the Japanese, thereby precluding the necessity for a land invasion of Japan. In actuality, the strategic bomber crime in the Pacific was failing when General Curtis LeMay was placed in command of the strategic bomber force in the theater. LeMay instanter implemented a strategy of massive attacks against civilian targets--Japanese cities. As was true in Germany, these attacks served primarily to shore up Japanese resolve ("Raids Failed" 9). Some soldiers commanders advise the use of atomic bombs on Japanese cities to crush the Japanese will to raise up (Truman 419). Other military authorities, however, report that Japan is already a beaten nation (Wheeler 16). Incendiary bombing attacks have undo 2.5 one thousand million houses on the main islands, and more than 13 million Japanese are now homeless. Further, General LeMay contends that the Japanese state is starving, and that a combination of continuing the present air raids and the personation of time will cause the Japanese government to experience the terms of unconditional surrender; however, General George Marshall

Strong arguments are made by some military leaders that use of the atomic bomb against Japan is necessary to save the lives of possibly hundreds of thousand of American troops who would otherwise be killed in an invasion of the main Japanese islands (Feifer 572).

This opinion is supported by an order of the Japanese cabinet mobilizing the general public in Japan to devise a civilian volunteer to resist invasion (" cabinet Approves" 2; "Speed Organization" 2). The popular press in the United States is replete with stories contending that Japan will use interior(a) suicide as a weapon ("Japanese etch" 43-44; Moley 92).

Spinks, C. N. "The Formation of American Public Opinion Toward Japan." Contemporary Japan, 6 (March 1938): 616-622.

The Japanese pushed the Chinese army southeastward, and on the day in the first place the Nationalist capital of Nanking fell to Japanese forces, Japanese military planes attacked the American gunboat Panay, as American diplomats were being loaded at Nanking for evacuation to Shanghai (Calvocoressi, Wint, and Pritchard 840-841). The decision to attack the Panay was made by the Japanese military pilots making the attack, as opposed to every the Japanese military command in china or the Japanese government. Nevertheless, the attack was made possible by a policy of the Japanese military command in China that provided for attacks on all Yangtze River traffic north of Nanking in an causa to cut-off retreating Chinese troops.

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