The vast volume of Iran's crude oil reserves are located in giant onshore firmaments in the Khuzestan region ripe the Iraki border and Persian Gulf terminus. More than one-half of Iran's 40 producing fields contain over one trillion pose of oil. The onshore Ahwaz, Marun, Gachsaran, Agha Jari, and Bibi Hakimeh fields alone account for astir(predicate) two-thirds of Iran's oil production. Most of Iran's crude oil is grim in sulphur, with gravities in the 30?-39? API range (Feld 1-18).
In October 1999, Iran announced the stripping of its largest oil field in 30 years. The onshore field was named Azadegan and is located in the southeasterlywestern province of Khuzestan. According to Iran's oil colour Minister Zanganeh, the Azadegan field could contain 26 billion barrels of oil, with potential production of 400,000 bbl/d (Feld 11).
Since 1995, the National Persian Oil Company (NIOC) has make several large oil discoveries. These discoveries include the 2.5-billion-barrel Darkhovin field, located offshore Abadan (on the Persian Gulf). The field contains low sulphur, 39? API crude oil. NIOC aims for initial production from Darkhovin of 30,000 barrels per mean solar day (bbl/d), with a second phase peak of 60,000 bbl/d (Feld 14).
The ecological risk in Iran is further complicated by the fact that the country considers its
Mackenzie, I. " coalescency Decks Extend Production Platform Life". Oil and turgidity Journal 94 (5 February 1996), 47-51.
elf to be a born(p) (geographically and economically) transit route for oil and gas exports from the landlocked rudimentary Asian countries to world markets. This vision is complicated, however, by political considerations, especially the United States policy opposing pipelines through Iran (the United States has made the construction of an oil pipeline from Baku, Azerbaijan to Ceyhan, Turkey the centerpiece of its Caspian policy). In November 1999, Turkey, Azerbaijan, atomic number 31, and Turkmenistan signed two multi-billion-dollar agreements regarding development of the Baku-Ceyhan oil pipeline. Turkey and Georgia largely are lackeys of the United States (Reed 66).
Iraq's southern oil pains was decimated by warfare. The largest producing oil field in this region is Rumaila. The war resulted in destruction of gathering centers and compression/degassing stations at Rumaila, storage facilities, the 1.6-MMBD (pre-war capacity) Mina al-Bakr export terminal, and pumping stations along the 1.4-MMBD (pre-war capacity) Iraqi Strategic Pipeline. Seven some other sizable fields persist damaged or partially mothballed. These fields include Zubair, Luhais, Suba, Buzurgan, Abu Ghirab, and Fauqi (Feld 14).
b. During most(prenominal) of the year, surface winds in the relevant offshore area are less than 10 kilometers per hour.
Iran's largest non-associated natural gas field is South Pars, geologically an extension of Qatar's 241-Tcf northward Field. South Pars was first place in 1988 and originally appraised at 128 Tcf in the early 1990s. NIOC-sponsored studies conducted in mid-1996 indicate, however, that South Pars contains an estimated 240 Tcf of gas, of which a large fraction will be recoverable, and at least 3 billion barrels of condensate. Iran's other sizable non-associated gas reserves include the offshore (Persian Gulf) 47-Tcf North Pars gas field (a separate s
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