Theory of Immanuel Kant

In making this distinction, Kant sets by a moral principle in keeping with his grab that morality does non derive from nature simply from the mind. What is cardinal in moral terms is what is intended and not needfully what spellually occurs. An proceeds occurring with by intent is less valuable than an event occurring with intent. In two separate instances, the act might be precisely the same, unless the act with moral intent is alpha while the one without intent is not.

For Kant, the will that acts for the sake of concern is the hot will. Kant makes recourse to a conception of God in order to explain this, noting that the will of God is a good will, but that it is absurd to speak of God playacting out of duty. The concept of duty implies the need to overcome some obstructor in order to act, and it is foolish to speak of God as having to overcome any obstacles whatever. To explain further the notion of duty, Kant uses as an example a merchant who does not overcharge an fledgling customer. This decision is completely in accord with duty. Assume, though, that the merchant avoids overcharging so that he can give all his customers the same expense in order to keep them coming to him for merchandise. He does this because it is to his profit to do it. It is, in fact, just good business. He does not do it because there is a moral principle involved, though the result is the same as if he were doing it from duty.

Kant does give a direct relegatement of how to purge the abstract conception of acting for the sake of duty into cover terms applicable to every action, and that is that we argon all to act in every case as if to will that our demeanor should become a universal law. Here again, Kant provides an example to base what he pith. In this example, there is a man in distress who can get himself out of his problem if he makes a promise that he has no intention of fulfilling. all told he has to do is lie. His action creates a motto. If he lies, his maxim is that he is entitled to lie if this is the only way he can extricate himself from danger.

If this were to become a universal law, it would state that everyone has the right to make a promise they have no intention of keeping when they find themselves in a dapple from which they can escape in no other way. Kant says that this universalization cannot be willed because it would mean that no promises could ever be believed. the maxim mustinessiness be rejected because it cannot become a universal law.

Kant states: " straightaway an action done from duty must wholly except the influence of inclination, and with it every object of the will, so that nothing remains which can determine the will objectively except the law. . ." (Kant: p. 148). Kant means the law as such, and acting for the sake of duty is acting out of reverence for the law as such. Law must be universal, for that is its essential character. The law does not allow for exceptions. sensual laws are universal, which is why they are laws. Moral laws similarly are universal, which is again why they are laws. The actions of the human being in the physical world are subject to physical laws, but the act of conforming to physical laws requires no volition. Compliance with these laws is unconscious, and entry is made not only by human beings but by animals and inanimate objects. Only rational beings can advisedly act in accordance with law, and such action
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