Trebizond Empire: Hellenistic Culture's Last Refuge

The third was Salonika. The grandfather of David and Alexius I was brut on the wholey killed by the Constantinople masses and their father was so brut solelyy robbed of his sight that he spendd from the attack. Alexius I would rule Trabzon slice his chum salmon David used the assistance of native mercenaries to make himself ruler of all Paphlagonia. The brothers were not free from violence, attack or their enemies, including many curses from members of their aver race, "Laksaris, who had been crowned Emperor in 1206, and the Sljuks remained to menace the new-born Trapezuntine Empire as allies. Kai Khusru, who had become sultan in the same spring which witnessed its birth, attack Trebizond in punishment for the disobedience of Alexios to his commands in 1205 or 1206; while David provoked Laskarais by sending his young general Synadenos to contain Nicomedia, recently evacuated by the Latins" (Miller 16).

Until becoming more established and lovely much threat free in 1214 Trabzon would endure bring forward threats and attacks. Herakleia would fall and much of the neighboring lands to the Nicene Empire. The Sultan Kai Kwaus I captured Sinope as part of his objective of opening a wad route to the Black Sea and David would be murdered in the same conquest. These battles severely altered the borders of the Trabzon Empire on both its Western and due eastern frontiers. Yet, Alexius did gain possession of Perateia, a

Venetians also posed a threat to Trabzon and treaties between the two date back to 1314 and 1344, but for all the sound infrastructure of Trabzon itself they were not properly equipped to turn over with external threats, threats that would dwell to make them more and more indefensible to the forthcoming invasion from the Ottoman Empire, "Trabzon in the time of Alexios II was better policed than some modern towns?But these watchmen were powerless to embarrass conflagrations by enemies. The Moslem corsairs of Sinope?set fire to all the finest split of the city in the year of the Venetian treaty; quartet days later the crews of the Genoese galleys were treacherously invited ashore by the chief of the Sinope?

who entertained them to dinner, and then afterwardwards bade his followers slay them and take and sack their galleys, of which only three get away" (Miller 39). To reinforce the city from outside attack Alexios ordered the create of a wall that would help solidify the western suburbia and land between the fortress and the sea. Once Alexios died his son Andronikos three would succeed him and kill off his rival brothers. He would die after a short period of rule and the trimmed crown gave extensive incentive and motivation to the various factions that were in opposition to it. Disputes with Byzantine factions would characterize the next twenty years as well as a series of great fires and plagues. During the last half of the 14th century BC the Moslems would continue their raids and attacks upon Trabzon. Alexios III would stave off the Turkomans in 1370 but he failed to recapture Cheriana and he suffered an ignominious retreat in 1380 against the militant Tzans.

The reason for this was the increase in the transit trade of Trebizon after 1258, the date of the destruction of Bagdad by Hulagu, the Mongol chief, when goods from the East were transported to Mediterranean. In this reign, such was the circulation of the Trapezuntine coinage in Georgia, that Kirmaneoul became th
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